the First Amendment to the United States of America

 The full text of the First Amendment is:

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances". 

The five protected freedoms

1. Freedom of religion
The First Amendment addresses religion with two clauses: The Establishment Clause, which prevents the government from establishing a national religion and ensures separation of church and state, and the Free Exercise Clause, which protects an individual's right to practice their religion without government interference. 

2. Freedom of speech
This right protects free expression of opinions, including spoken, written, and symbolic speech. However, this freedom has limitations, such as incitement to violence, defamation, and obscenity. 

3. Freedom of the press
This protects the right to publish and share information without government interference, applying to individuals as well as journalists. 

4. Freedom of assembly
This guarantees the right to gather peacefully and includes the freedom of association, allowing individuals to join groups for First Amendment purposes. 

5. Right to petition
This protects the right of citizens to ask the government to address their grievances, through methods like litigation.